Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various as

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable ability to safeguard delicate skin. This calming element has long been used in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Establishing a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful radia